Global Warming And Climate Change - 1332 Words

Global Warming and climate change have effected pop culture since the late twentieth century. Human pollution and consumption began in the eighteenth century due to the industrial revolution (Richard Smith). There is a huge difference in what scientists have studied and what is out in pop culture. Eyes Wide Open,† by Gotye is a wakeup call to the world about human pollution and consumption, and how humanity knowingly is causing global warming without the blink of an eye. Since the late nineteenth century, the world has become aware of global warming but instead of changing the ways of living to help the planet, humanity began the digital revolution. In a world of disbelief, Gotye’s song and video, â€Å"Eyes Wide Open,† forces the viewer to visualize the reality of what will come of earth due to human consumption and pollution. â€Å"Eyes Wide Open,† promotes a change in the way the world is living through piercing visuals, allusions, tone, and powerful lyr ics. The video for â€Å"Eyes Wide Open† begins with a visual of tall spider like creatures walking while the sun quickly rises behind them. Gradually, the drums in the song approach and begin to pound harder as the viewer gets a better look of the alien like creatures. These creatures, covered in what appears to be mud with beaming white gems as eyes, are standing in a boat upon spider like legs. The creatures are shown traveling along a dry brown terrain, lowering buckets to the ground in search of resources. The buckets come backShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Climate Change974 Words   |  4 Pagesabout global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the climate due to the rise in the earth’s temperature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earth’s temperature has caused some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. This rise in temperature has the potential of causing drastic changes to the earth in many ways. It is time to view the global warming concernsRead MoreClimate Change Of Global Warming924 Words   |  4 Pages Figure 0.1 shows the different effects of global warming. Global warming is the warming of our planet at an extreme rate. The Earth’s climate has warmed by 7.8OC since 1880. (Quick facts about science, 2015). What causes global warming? The cause of global warming is the carbon dioxide. This acts like a blanket. Protecting the earth, and heating the earth. Sun rays would normally bounce around the earth, but with the blanket, the sun rays heat the blanket which heats the earth. (Petersen ScienceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1398 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming and climate change have been frequent topics of discussion over the past several years. Although people tend to focus on the politics, it is important to look past the media aspects of it into the cold hard facts of what our Earth is currently experiencing, and what has caused it in the first place. The cause of climate change includes natural causes, but human causes are what is generating such a rapid global temperature change. It’s time that the ways in which humanity affectsRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1060 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change (Klaus) 1000 The terms â€Å"global warming†, â€Å"climate change† or â€Å"greenhouse effect† have become more than just parts of the popular lexicon as they rather are subject of public discussions, scientific research or political debates. Despite the popularity and the ubiquity of these terms, the public’s theoretical and conceptual understanding of them and their causal relations is often based on superficial knowledge and buzzwords or caricatures outlined and depicted in several popular mediaRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1194 Words   |  5 PagesDonya Curtis April 19, 2017 English 1001-rough draft Global Warming Global warming is one facet of the broader term climate change. It is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth s surface air and oceans from the mid 20th century and the projected continuation. The Global warming is primarily the consequence of building up greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Emission rates for most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2, have increased 120 fold in the past 140 years. WhileRead MoreClimate Change and Global Warming1074 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change and Global Warming are out of control. This means that, no matter what policies, processes or actions are implemented, the Earth as we know it will never be the same again. There is significant evidence to support this hypothesis. The dilemma becomes whether we can limit the damage and adapt to a new status quo or not. Rising sea levels and the damage caused by this phenomenon has irreversible impacts on coastlines worldwide. Damage to sensitive reef systems cannot be fixed. This alsoRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1022 Words   |  5 PagesWhat = Climate Change Who = Emma, Aoife, Julia, Rachael, Mariah and Cà ©line What is it? Climate Change is a change in the demographic distribution of weather patterns, and related change in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, happening over time scales of decades or longer. It’s the world’s greatest threat. Climate change is the change in temperature over a period of time. It involves the greenhouse effect and global warming. Where is it? It is an issue affecting everyone everywhere. ClimateRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1474 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomenon, known as â€Å"smog† became an often daily occurrence in big, urbanized cites across the globe. Also, Al Gore’s book, An Inconvenient Truth, popularized the issue of climate change and global warming as a result of the damage that the modern world has done to the atmosphere. He noted that people resist the facts about climate change due to the inconvenience of changing their lifestyles. But, uninhibited industrialization of several countries has led to intense modernization and revolution of theRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming928 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will discuss climate change and global warming on the economy. The paper also gives a description on climate change and global warming. As well as what it hold for future business owners. It will also discuss what the government is doing about climate change/global warming. Climate change is a long-term shift in the statistics of the weather (including its averages). For example, it could show up as a change in climate normal (expected average values for temperature and precipitation)Read MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. The negative effects of climate change are obvious on every continent. Professor Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia said, The human influence on climate change is clear. The atmosphere and

Emotions Paper Free Essays

The connection between motivation and emotions can be seen in everyday life. To show the connection this paper will discuss two of the historical theories of emotion and arousal as they relate to human motivation. Then it will analyze two research methods used for uncovering basic emotions. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotions Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally it will cover the facial feedback hypothesis, particularly the event-appraisal-emotion sequence. James-Lange Theory There have been numerous theories on emotions and arousal. The James-Lange theory is one of the earliest theories of emotion (Goodwin,2008). William James was considered America’s first psychologist. James was captivated with understanding the functions of consciousness. Carl Lange was a psychologist and physician in Denmark. Even though his work is directly linked to James, his deconstruction of emotions has made his work a precursor to the theories of emotion (Wassmann, 2010). He is not as popular as James but was an important contributor to the James-Lange theory. The theory discusses how emotions are directly affected by the physiological arousal of the body in reaction to an exciting stimulus (Deckers, 2010). According to the James-Lange theory one will feel emotions in a specific sequence. The theory’s sequence is emotional stimulus followed by physiological response leading to an affective experience (Deckers, 2010). For example, if a person is involved in a car accident he or she will feel the physiological responses of the body. One may experience heart pounding, hands shaking, or jaw tightening. These responses bring forth emotions like fear, panic, anger, or anxiety. Therefore the physiological arousal is what determines the emotions (Deckers, 2010). Cognitive Arousal Theory The cognitive arousal theory takes emotions to next level by focusing on the interaction between arousal and cognition (Deckers, 2010). According to this theory when a person experiences a situation, he or she will interpret the physiological arousal, and will extract information needed to have an affective experience (Deckers, 2010). Within this theory there are two dimensions of emotions, they are quality and intensity. Quality is a person’s interpretation of the experience where as the intensity of the experience depends on the degree of the arousal. For example when experiencing a car accident, one will focus in on the actual occurrence of the accident, and then based on the severity, the person will analyze and respond effectively. So according to the cognitive arousal theory the intensity of the emotional experience will be dictated by physiological arousal and will directly affect how a person feels (Deckers, 2010). Facial Feedback According to Buck (1980), facial feedback hypothesis states that the facial expressions of a person provides a necessary requirement for a person’s emotional experience or behavior to affected (page 812). A person’s facial feedback, or facial expressions, can change how another person will react to a particular event or situation. There are two versions that may play a role in the actual hypothesis itself based on specific personalities. Between-subjects version of facial feedback hypothesis implies that a lack of overt expression can be detrimental to the emotional process as a whole (Buck, 1980). The premise of this version is that if a person is nonexpressive with one emotion then that person would be nonexpressive on all other emotions and vice versa. Within-subjects version of the facial feedback hypothesis states that a person will have a higher emotional experience on other emotions if they are expressive in general (Buck, 1980). The backbone of this version is that if a person is expressive in general they may have a higher emotional experience across the board. The event-appraisal-emotion sequence has three varying assumptions in emotional events. To begin, different emotions can be produced by varying appraisals of the same event. For example, the end of a sporting event can elicit two different emotions. The winning team will feel excited, happiness, and victory while the losing team may feel disappointment, neglect, and failure. Next, similar appraisal of varying events can create similar emotions. Two people purchasing like vehicles may walk into a dealership and the first may pay $5,000 for a vehicle and the second may pay $10,000. Though there is a difference in purchase prices, both customers may walk out with feelings of success as they are satisfied with the purchase price of their vehicles because it fell within their budget. Lastly, the outcome of the appraisal process provokes automatic emotions. In many situations, a person will be unable to avoid feeling happiness or sadness. Research Methods Uncovering basic emotions can be handled with various research methods such as category analysis of emotion words and facial expressions. Category analysis of emotions words is based on the belief that certain words have been created or modified to describe people’s emotional responses (Deckers, 2010). Words like love, sad, or angry have been labeled as such because people have experienced such emotions and needed the words to categorize the feelings. With category analysis, the feelings or the emotions drive the creation of emotion words and so without the emotions themselves, the words would not exist. Through this type of analysis, words were classified by emotional category based on word meaning and resulted in five basic emotion categories: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust (Deckers, 2010). Facial expression analysis states that there is a specific facial expression for each basic emotion. Furthermore, any â€Å"emotion† that does not have a distinctive facial expression should not be considered an emotion. There are six major facial expressions of emotions that are easily identifiable by people of different cultures throughout the world: happiness, surprise, sadness, fear, anger, and disgust. It is also believed that the intensity of any emotion and the intensity of its corresponding facial expression will increase at the same rate. Conclusion References Buck, R. (1980). Nonverbal behavior and the theory of emotion: The facial feedback hypothesis. Journal Of Personality ;amp; Social Psychology, 38(5), 811-824. Deckers (2010). Motivation, Biological, psychological and environmental (3rd ed. ). Boston, MA: Allyn ;amp; Bacon. Dimberg, U. , ;amp; Soderkvist, S. (2011). The voluntary facial action technique: A method to test the facial feedback hypothesis. Journal Of Nonverbal Behavior, 35(1), 17-33. doi:10. 1007/s10919-010-0098-6. Goodwin, C. J. ((2008)). A History of Modern Psychology (3rd ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. How to cite Emotions Paper, Papers

Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Systems

Question: Discuss about the Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Systems. Answer: Introduction: There are different types of applications of the segmental bridge piers and these applications are seen in the high earth quake risk zone, as a result of this, the researchers and the designers are very concern with the seismic performances of these designs (Fenget al. 2012) ( https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/WCEE2012_1870.pdf ). Different types of investigations such as pseudo static tests are performed by the investigators in order to understand the seismic performance of the segmental columns. According to the research, the traditional or conventional reinforced bridges have suffered lots of damage at the time of earth quake and also after earth quake. The deformations that were caused by the earth quakes sometimes found to be permanent deformations. In order to improve the seismic performance and also to reduce the impact of the earth quake unbounded post tensioning is to be used at the centre of the precast segmental columns. It can also be done in order to reduce the residual displacement to a minimal level. The research shows that it has been proved that if these implementations can be made then the structure will definitely experience less damage due to earth quake than the traditional structures has experienced, though the seismic performance of the structure will depend on the design details. According to the research, in recent years, in order to overcome the problems related to earth quake, an innovative segmental system was developed in the Washington State University. It contains fiber reinforced polymer tubes that are filled with segmental concrete. These are known as SPPT CFFT. The polymers are super imposed on each other. There are some ducts that are situated in the pre cast segments through which the tendons are passed through. These tendons are designed in such a way that they remained anchored within the foundation. There are several structural benefits of this innovative design. The loads that are post tensioning are capable o f keeping the entire system as a single unit (Haitham, 2010) ( https://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2010/H_Dawood_062510.pdf ). If the stress reaches zero even for only once, an increase in the lateral load can be seen and this increase creates an opening between that particular segment and the segment which is situated beneath that particular segment. This opening propagates with the load, if the load increases, the propagation also continues. At this time the post tensioning steel bar is elongated and as a result of this, the stress on the tendons increases. As the propagation increases, the stiffness of the entire system reduces. It results into the reduction of the absorption of the seismic impacts and damages to the structure. The unbounded tendons are the only tendons that are chosen for this purpose as the strain and stress do not remain concentrated in these types of tendons. It also has the capability of transferring the shear forces throughout the interface of t he surface. The friction related to shear depends on the clamping force. It is provided by a pre stressing tendon. The self-centering capability is also known as restoring force and this force is given to each and every pier in order to ensure that no deformation can take place at the time of earth quake or after earth quake. It has found from the research the SPPT CFFT bents and piers have some certain behaviours under the loads of seismic pressure and these behaviours are found to be very encouraging. Here, the drift of the residual pier are taken as negligible. The damage is also reduced to the minimal level; in this case the damage is represented as a form of concrete spelling. It remains only limited to the region of compression. The longitudinal bars are yield in this area. Generally, in this case, the typical R. C. Pliers are used. As a result of this the structure can remain stronger at the time of seismic events, and it can also retain its strength immediately after the s eismic event has taken place (Yu-Chen, 2007) (ftp://mceer.buffalo.edu/OConnor/ftp/S-ABC/ABC-MAIN.Data/PDF/Dissertation_Ou-2820423199/Dissertation_Ou.pdf ). As a result of this, the structure will require minimal amount or repair even after a devastating seismic event. The cost of the repair can also be reduced significantly. The construction schedule can also be shortened as a result of this type of structure design and it is included in the agenda of benefits that are provided by this type of design. It is also very helpful in managing the environment. The research shows that the use of this type of structure is being used widely in United States of America and the main purposes of using such design are to shorten the duration of the construction work, innovative designs and less environmental impact (Haitham, 2010) (https://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2010/H_Dawood_062510.pdf ). Figure 1: Schematic drawing of the SPPT-CFFT System Fibre reinforced polymer wrapping It has been found the research that if reinforced polymer wrapping is done or if fibre reinforced polymer ( FRP ) is used then the structure will have more strength and the life span of the structure can be increased significantly. As it is a very light weight element, it is capable of providing a lot of advantages (Pannirselvam et al. 2009) ( https://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2009/jeas_1109_262.pdf ). In this type of design, the labour cost can be reduced to the minimal level. All the constraints that are related to the site can be removed. The as the weight is very lower, the ration between the strength and weight is very high i.e. The strength of this type of design in the foundation makes the foundation strong or provides strength to the foundation significantly. The durability of the structure as well as the life cycle can be enhanced significantly also with the help of the use of the reinforced polymer wrapping. With the help of such polymers, the structural behaviour of the entire structure can be understood. ERP are used for rehabilitating the current structure. This type of polymer is capable of changing the entire work pattern and design pattern. If any structure is repaired with FRP and if FRP are used at the outside of the structure, then it will add huge strength to the structure (Pannirselvam et al. 2009) ( https://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2009/jeas_1109_262.pdf ).The FRP plating is known to be a versatile method. It can be applied for the new beams as well as for the beams that already exist and the pattern of applying in the both case is same. FRP is known to be a composite material and it mainly contains carbon, glass fibre and aramid. A matrix of resin is also available in this material. There are some other ingredients that are added while applying the polymers in the construction. The main component of this type of polymer is found to be resin. Resin controls the mechanical property and the characterist ics of the polymers. There are different types of FRP , among them some are used in most of the cases, these are very common in the construction work and these common FRP are known as ( i) Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ( CFRP ), ( ii)Aramid Fibre Reinforced Polymer ( AFRP ) and ( iii ) Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer ( GFRP ) (Pannirselvamet al. 2009) ( https://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2009/jeas_1109_262.pdf ). There are different systems by which the FRP can be applied and among these systems the most two common systems are prefab system and lay up system. In case of the traditional; system that was applied in previous times, dry and unidirectional fibre sheets were used. The fabric that was used was also dry and multidimensional. The capacity of FRP can be enhanced if the design and the system can be modified and if it is chosen properly with the requirement. It also helps in distributing the non uniform stress and the shear crack can be determined with the help of this. With the help of FRP, a structure can be modified and a new structure can obtain the required strength as well as ductility. FRP is applied in providing strength to the beams, slabs, columns and even the masonry walls. It also helps in achieving the shear strengths of the components of the structure. Excellent compression strength and tensile strength can also be added to the structure with the help of this polymers i.e . FRP. If plating is done of the FRP laminates, then it may result into the enhancement of the composite moment of the inertia of that particular section. Beams are the components that take a major part in transferring of loads and the entire mechanism of this transfer depends on these (Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composite Systems, 2014) (https://www.mapei.com/public/CA/linedocument/FRP_Brochure.pdf ). Against all types of failure ( Almost ) beams are the only components that create the first line of defense. Beams provide proper strength to the foundation. The cost of FRP is high but if it is compared to the advantages of FRP then it can be said the cost is very low as so much benefits can be obtained from only this amount of money. Generally pre manufactured cured laminates are used in the system and it is used through applying adhesive (Ã…Â ¢Ãƒâ€žÃ¢â‚¬Å¡RANU et al. 2008) ( https://www.bipcons.ce.tuiasi.ro/Archive/105.pdf ). References Feng, L., Ning, Z., Hongyi, W., Hao, W., Tiantian, L. and Zhiqiang, W. (2012). Research on seismic performance of design detailing based segmental prestressed concrete bridge pier. [Accessed 26 Aug. 2016] Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composite Systems.(2014). Milan, Italy. [Accessed 26 Aug. 2016] Haitham, M. (2010). Seismic Behavior and Design Of Segmental Precast Post-Tensioned Concrete Piers.[Accessed 26 Aug. 2016] Pannirselvam, N., Nagaradjane, V. and Chandramouli, K. (2009).Strength BehaviourOfFibre Reinforced Polymer Strengthened Beam.ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4(9) [Accessed 26 Aug. 2016]. Ã…Â ¢Ãƒâ€žÃ†â€™ranu, N., OpriÃ…Å ¸an, G., Isopescu, D., EnÃ…Â £uc, I., Munteanu, V.And Banu, C. (2008).Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites As Internal And External Reinforcements For Building Elements[Accessed 26 Aug. 2016]. Yu-Chen, O. (2007). Precast Segmental Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge Columns For Seismic Regions [Accessed 26 Aug. 2016].